Vaud (French pronunciation: [vo]) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848. The most recently created canton is the Canton of Jura, which separated from the Canton of and is located in Romandy The four national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian, and Romansh. Only three of these languages, however, maintain equal status as official languages at the national level within the Federal Administration of the Swiss Confederation: German, French, and Italian, the French-speaking southwestern part of the country. The capital is Lausanne Lausanne (French pronunciation: [loˈzan] is a city in Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland, and is the capital of the canton of Vaud. The seat of the district of Lausanne, the city is situated on the shores of Lake Leman . It faces the French town of Évian-les-Bains, with the Jura mountains to its north-west. Lausanne is located 62. The name of the Canton in Switzerland's other languages are Vaud in Italian Italian ( italiano , or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken as a native language by about 62 million people in Italy, San Marino and parts of Switzerland, Croatia, Slovenia and France. It is spoken as a first language by many Italian citizens and immigrants abroad, for a total of approximately 70 million native speakers. In addition, it (pronounced [vaud])[citation needed], Waadt in German German (Deutsch, [ˈdɔʏtʃ] ) is a West Germanic language, thus related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. It is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. Globally, German is spoken by approximately 120 million native speakers and also by about 80 million non-native speakers (pronounced [ˈvaːt]), and Vad in Romansh Romansh (also spelled Romansch, Rumantsh, or Romanche; Romansh: rumantsch/rumauntsch/romontsch; German: Rätoromanisch) is one of the four national languages of Switzerland, along with German, Italian and French. It is one of the Rhaeto-Romance languages, believed to have descended from the Vulgar Latin variety spoken by Roman era occupiers of the.
Contents |
History
Château Saint-Maire, seat of the cantonal government Vevey, one of the oldest towns in VaudAlong the lakes, Vaud was inhabited in prehistoric times. Later on, the Celtic tribe of the Helvetii The Helvetii were a Celtic tribe or, probably more accurately, a confederation of Celtic tribes. Although originating in what is now Germany, they occupied most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. They feature prominently in Julius Caesar’s commentaries on the Gallic War inhabited the area. The tribe was defeated by Caesar Gaius Julius Cæsar/Caesar was a Roman military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire's troops in 58 BC and as a consequence the Romans The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterised by a republican form of government. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, c. 509 BC, and lasted 482 years until its subversion, through a series of civil wars, into the Principate form of government and the Imperial period settled the area. The towns of Vevey Vevey is a town in Switzerland in the canton Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Geneva, not far from Lausanne (Latin Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. With the Roman conquest, Latin was spread to countries around the Mediterranean, including a large part of Europe. Romance languages such as Aragonese, Corsican, Catalan, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Sardinian, Spanish and others, are descended from Latin, while: Viviscus) and Lausanne (Lausonium or Lausonna) are two of the many towns established by the Romans.
In 27 BC the state of Civitas Helvetiorum was established around the capital of Avenches (Aventicum). There are still many Roman remains around the town today. Between the 2nd and the 4th century the area was repeatedly invaded by Alemannic The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Rhine river . One of the earliest references to them is the cognomen Alamannicus assumed by Roman Emperor Caracalla, who ruled the Roman Empire from 211–17 and claimed thereby to be their defeater. The nature of this alliance and their tribes, and in the 5th century the Burgundians The Burgundians were an East Germanic tribe which may have emigrated from mainland Scandinavia to the island of Bornholm, whose old form in Old Norse still was Burgundarholmr (the Island of the Burgundians), and from there to mainland Europe. In Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar (The Saga of Thorstein, Viking's Son), Veseti settled in an island or occupied the area. The Merovingian The Merovingians were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin) largely corresponding to ancient Gaul from the middle of the fifth century. Their politics involved frequent civil warfare among branches of the family. During the final century of the Merovingian rule, the dynasty was increasingly Franks later replaced the Burgundians. Their occupancy did not last long either, and in 888 the area of the canton of Vaud was made part of the Carolingian Empire Carolingian Empire is a historiographical term which has been used to refer to the realm of the Franks under the Carolingian dynasty. This dynasty is seen as the founders of France and Germany. Depending on one's perspective, this Empire can be seen as the later history of the Frankish Realm or the early history of France and of the Holy Roman. In 1032 the Zähringens of Germany defeated the Burgundians. The Zähringens themselves were succeeded in 1218 by the counts of Savoy Savoy is a region of Europe on the western flank of the Alps that emerged following the collapse of the Frankish Kingdom of Burgundy. The historical land of Savoy is shared between the modern republics of France and Italy. It was only under the counts of Savoy that the area was given political unity, establishing what is today in greater part known as the canton of Vaud. A part stretching from Attalens to the River Sarine, in the north, was absorbed by the canton of Fribourg.
As the power of the Savoys Savoy is a region of Europe on the western flank of the Alps that emerged following the collapse of the Frankish Kingdom of Burgundy. The historical land of Savoy is shared between the modern republics of France and Italy declined at the beginning of the 15th century the land was occupied by troops from Bern The city of Bern or Berne (German: Bern, pronounced [ˈbɛɐn] ; French: Berne [bɛʁn]; Italian: Berna [ˈbɛrna]; Romansh: Berna [ˈbɛrnə]; Bernese German: Bärn [b̥æːrn]) is the Bundesstadt (federal city, de facto capital) of Switzerland, and, with (as of December 2008) a population of 122,925, the fourth most populous city in Switzerland. By 1536 the area was completely annexed. Reformation was started by co-workers of John Calvin John Calvin (10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564) was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism. Originally trained as a humanist lawyer, he broke from the Roman Catholic Church around 1530. After religious tensions like Pierre Viret Pierre Viret was a Swiss Reformed theologian, including a famous debate at the cathedral of Lausanne; but it was only decisively implemented when Bern put its full force behind it.
The Bernese occupants were not popular amongst the population. In 1723 Major Abraham Davel led a revolt against Berne, in protest at what he saw as the denial of political rights of the French-speaking Vaudians by the German-speaking Bernese and was subsequently beheaded .[2] Later, inspired by the French Revolution The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political upheaval in French and European history. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years. French society underwent an epic transformation as feudal, aristocratic, and religious privileges evaporated under a sustained assault from liberal political, the Vaudians drove out the Bernese governor in 1798 and declared the Lemanic Republic. Vaud nationalists like Frédéric-César de La Harpe had called for French intervention in liberating the area and French Revolutionary troops moved in, taking over the whole of Switzerland itself in the process and setting up the Helvetic Republic In Swiss history, the Helvetic Republic represented an early attempt to impose a central authority over Switzerland, which until then consisted mainly of self-governing cantons united by a loose military alliance, and conquered territories such as Vaud. Its name came from the Helvetii people. Vaud became the canton of Léman which in 1803 joined the re-installed Swiss confederation. In spite of Bernese attempts to reclaim Vaud, it has remained a sovereign canton ever since.
In the 19th century, the canton of Vaud was an outspoken opponent of the Catholic separatist movement (Sonderbund) which led to intervention in 1847 by 99,000 Swiss Federal troops under General Henri Dufour against 79,000 separatists in what is called the Sonderbund War. Separation was prevented at the cost of very few lives. The current constitution dates from April 14, 2003, replacing the one from 1885.[citation needed]
Geography
Lavaux The Lavaux is a region in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, in the district of Lavaux. Although there is some evidence that vines were grown in the area in Roman times, the actual vine terraces can be traced back to the 11th century, when Benedictine and Cistercian monasteries controlled the area. The Lavaux consist of 830 hectares of terraced vineyards above Lake Geneva Lake Geneva or Lake Léman is the largest natural freshwater lake in western Europe (582 km²). In addition it is the largest body of freshwater in continental Europe in term of volume (89 km³). Sixty percent of it comes under the jurisdiction of Switzerland (cantons of Vaud, Geneva, and Valais), and 40% under France (Haute-Savoie). The average Nyon Nyon is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is located some 25 kilometers north of Geneva's city centre, and since the 1970s it has become part of the Geneva metropolitan area. It lies on the shores of Lake Geneva, and is the seat of the district of Nyon. The town has 17,916 inhabitants. It is connected, close to the border with the Canton of Geneva The Canton of Geneva is the westernmost canton or state of Switzerland, surrounded on almost all sides by France. The official name of this canton in French is République et Canton de Genève. Like some other Swiss cantons this canton calls itself a republic, as part of the Swiss confederationThe canton stretches from Lake Neuchâtel Lake Neuchâtel is a lake in Western Switzerland (French-speaking Switzerland). The lake lies mainly in the canton of Neuchâtel, but is also shared by the cantons of Vaud, of Fribourg, and of Bern in the north, where it borders the canton of Neuchâtel Neuchâtel is a canton of western Switzerland. In 2007, its population was 169,782 of which 39,654 (or 23.4%) were foreigners. The capital is Neuchâtel to Lake Geneva Lake Geneva or Lake Léman is the largest natural freshwater lake in western Europe (582 km²). In addition it is the largest body of freshwater in continental Europe in term of volume (89 km³). Sixty percent of it comes under the jurisdiction of Switzerland (cantons of Vaud, Geneva, and Valais), and 40% under France (Haute-Savoie). The average in the south, bordering the canton of Geneva The Canton of Geneva is the westernmost canton or state of Switzerland, surrounded on almost all sides by France. The official name of this canton in French is République et Canton de Genève. Like some other Swiss cantons this canton calls itself a republic, as part of the Swiss confederation, Haute-Savoie Haute-Savoie is a French department, named for its location in the Alps mountain range (lake border with France France (pronounced /ˈfrænts/ frantss or /ˈfrɑːnts/ frahnts; French pronunciation (help·info): [fʁɑ̃s]), officially the French Republic (French: République française, pronounced: [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a state in Western Europe with several of its overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian,) and canton of Valais. On the Jura ranges The Jura Mountains are a small mountain range located north of the Alps, separating the Rhine and Rhone rivers and forming part of the watershed of each. The mountain range sensu Johann Gottfried Ebel is located in France, Switzerland, and Germany. The name “Jura” is derived from the Celtic root "jor" which was latinised into " in the west, the canton borders the French France (pronounced /ˈfrænts/ frantss or /ˈfrɑːnts/ frahnts; French pronunciation (help·info): [fʁɑ̃s]), officially the French Republic (French: République française, pronounced: [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a state in Western Europe with several of its overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, départements In the terminology of political geography and historiography a national department is an administrative political subdivision of a country established by the cognizant (usually legislative) government authority holding sovereign power for the territory of Ain Ain is a department named after the Ain River on the eastern edge of France. Being part of the region Rhône-Alpes and bordered by the rivers Saône and Rhône, the department of Ain enjoys a privileged geographic situation. It has an excellent transport network (TGV, highways) and benefits from the proximity to the international airports of Lyon, Jura Jura is a department in the east of France named after the Jura mountains, and Doubs Doubs is a department in eastern France named after the Doubs River. Its pronunciation is /du/ (the last two letters are silent). In the east, it borders canton of Fribourg The Canton of Fribourg is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the west of the country. The capital of the canton is Fribourg. The name Fribourg is French, whereas Freiburg is the German name for both the canton and the town and canton of Bern The canton of Bern is the second largest of the 26 Swiss cantons by both surface area and population. Located in west-central Switzerland, it borders the Canton of Jura and the Canton of Solothurn to the north. To the west lie the Canton of Neuchâtel, the Canton of Fribourg and Vaud. To the south lies the Valais. East of the canton of Bern lie. The total area is 3,212 square kilometers (1,240.2 sq mi).
Along with the canton of Berne, Vaud is one of the two cantons whose territory extends from the Jura to the Alps, through the three distinct geographic regions of Switzerland.
The areas in the southeast are mountainous, situated on the north side of the Bernese Alps The Bernese Alps are a group of mountain ranges in the western part of the Alps, in Switzerland. Although the name suggests that they are located in the Bernese Oberland region of the canton of Bern, portions of the Bernese Alps are in the adjacent cantons of Valais, Lucerne, Obwalden, Fribourg and Vaud. The latter being informally named Fribourg. The region is commonly named the Vaud Alps (French French is a Romance language spoken as a first language by about 136 million people worldwide. Around 190 million people speak French as a second language, and an additional 200 million speak it as an acquired foreign language. French speaking communities are present in 57 countries and territories. Most native speakers of the language live in: Alpes Vaudoises). The Diablerets massif, peaking at 3,210 meters (10,531 ft), is the highest mountain of the canton and the only glaciated area. Other summits such as the Grand Muveran or the Tour d'Aï are well visible from most of the canton. The area also host several popular skiing destinations such as Villars, Les Diablerets and Leysin.
The central area of the canton, in contrast, consists of moraines A moraine is any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions, such as those areas acted upon by a past ice age. This debris may have been plucked off the valley floor as a glacier advanced or it may have fallen off the valley walls as a result of frost wedging and is thus hilly. There are plains along the lakes. In the north, there is an exclave In political geography, an enclave is a territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory containing Avenches surrounded by canton of Fribourg and Lake Neuchâtel. On the other hand, there are two enclaves of the canton of Fribourg(Estavayer-le-lac, Vuissens, Surpierre), as well as two enclaves of the canton of Geneva(Céligny), that are surrounded by the canton of Vaud.
The north-western part of the canton is also mountainous but in a more modest way with mountains (or hills) generally not above 1,500 metres. The Vallée de Joux is one of the most popular destinations in the region. and the heart of luxury mechanical Swiss Watch A watch is a timepiece that is made to be worn on a person. It is usually a wristwatch, worn on the wrist with a strap or bracelet. In addition to the time, modern watches often display the day, date, month and year, and electronic watches may have many other functions, depending on how modern the watch is manufacturing (see "Watch Valley").
Politics
Members of the national council
Members of the council of states
| PES member(s) | PS member(s) |
|---|---|
| Luc Recordon | Géraldine Savary |
Political subdivisions
Districts
Districts of Canton VaudThe Canton of Vaud is divided into 10 districts:
- Aigle with capital Aigle Aigle is the capital of the district of Aigle in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The town has a population of 8,100 people
- Broye-Vully with capital Payerne
- Gros-de-Vaud with capital Echallens
- Jura-North Vaudois with capital Yverdon-les-Bains
- Lausanne with capital Lausanne
- Lavaux-Oron with capital Cully
- Morges with capital Morges
- Nyon with capital Nyon
- Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut with capital Vevey
- Ouest lausannois with capital Renens
Municipalities
Main article: Municipalities of the canton of VaudThere are 376 municipalities in the canton (As of 2008[update]).
Demographics
Lausanne, capital and largest city in VaudThe population is French-speaking and historically was overwhelmingly Protestant (Calvinist), dating from the early years of the Reformation. Recently, however, this has been changing due to immigration from Southern Europe. In 2000, the population was nearly evenly split between Protestants (40%) and Roman Catholics (34%).[3]
The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2008) is 688,245.[1] As of 2010[update], the population included about 28% of foreigners, including many Italians.[4] The major population centres of the canton are: Lausanne (122,284 inhabitants in 31 December 2008), Montreux-Vevey (Montreux: 24520 Vevey:17676 inhabitants) and Yverdon-les-Bains (25,815 inhabitants). The region around Nyon is often considered part of the agglomeration of Geneva. All of these are on Lake Geneva (called Lac Léman in French), except for Yverdon, which is on Lake Neuchâtel.
Economy
Nestlé headquarters in VeveyThe capital, Lausanne, is the major city of the canton. There are light industries concentrated around it. In 1998, 71.7% of the workers worked in the tertiary sector and 20.8% in the secondary.
The canton is the second-largest producer of wine in Switzerland. Most of the wine produced in the canton is white, and most vineyards are located on the steep shores of Lake Geneva such as the UNESCO World Heritage Site the Lavaux Vineyard Terraces. There is agriculture in the areas away from Lake Geneva. Sugar beet is important around Orbe, tobacco in La Broye Valley and fruit is grown on the foot of the Jura mountains. Cattle breeding and pasture are common in the Alps and the Jura mountains. There is a salt mine at Bex. Tourism is important in many towns along the Lake Geneva. Major lakeside resorts include Lausanne, Montreux and Vevey.
Education
The Canton is home to several renowned universities and schools:
- Swiss Federal institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL)
- University of Lausanne (UNIL)
- International Institute for Management Development (IMD)
- École Cantonale d'Art de Lausanne, Lausanne Art School (ECAL)
- Institut Le Rosey
- Aiglon College
- Glion Institute of Higher Education, Glion Institute of higher Education
- The American Graduate School of Business
- Business School Lausanne (BSL)
- Château de Bossey
- Swiss Hotel Management School(SHMS)
See also
External links
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Vaud |
- Cantonal government (French)
- Vaud Tourist Office
- Official Statistics Vaud (SCRIS)
- Official Statistics
- Vaud Directory (French)
- The canton of Vaud in 2010
References
- ^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office, MS Excel document – Bilanz der ständigen Wohnbevölkerung nach Kantonen, Bezirken und Gemeinden (German) accessed 14 March 2010
- ^ Histoire de la Suisse, Éditions Fragnière, Fribourg, Switzerland
- ^ Federal Department of Statistics (2004). "Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion" (Interactive Map). http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html. Retrieved 2009-01-15.
- ^ Canton de Vaud (2010). "International website for the promotion of the canton of Vaud - Population and social life" (HTML). http://www.vaud.ch/en/lake-geneva-region/population-and-social-life/. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Categories: Vaud | Cantons of Switzerland | Wine regions of Switzerland | Arpitany
|
capitaleritrea news
According to World Radio Swiss, a police officer in the canton of Vaud accused of abusing his authority is to be re-tried, following claims he was acquitted ...
and more »
768px x 1024px | 110.60kB
[source page]
cat1024 jpg Taille 1024x768 Edenpics com 001 007 Plain near a forest edge with snow and frontal sun Switzerland Vaud Marchairuz jpg Taille 1024x768
Niels
Mon, 29 Mar 2010 13:44:09 GM
La suppression des forfaits fiscaux dans le canton de . Vaud. , ou leur nombre est le plus important en Suisse, serait un signe clair de la volonte de sa population de substituer la solidarite internationale a une competition fiscale mal ...
